Ingredientes del sofrito/Sofrito ingredients |
El estudio PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) ha demostrado recientemente la asociación entre dieta mediterránea y bajo índice de enfermedad cardiovascular. En el cuestionario usado de referencia se preguntaba al consumidor la frecuencia con la que tomaba verduras, pasta, arroz y otros platos acompañados con sofrito, pero nunca se habían analizado los compuestos beneficiosos de este producto.
Ahora investigadores de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB) y el Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, en colaboración con el Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, han identificado por primera vez los polifenoles y carotenoides –sustancias antioxidantes beneficiosas para la salud– que lleva el sofrito, mediante una técnica de espectrometría de masas de alta resolución.
Los resultados se publican en la revista Food Chemistry y revelan la presencia de al menos 40 tipos de polifenoles. “Estos compuestos que producen las plantas y tomamos en la dieta se asocian con una disminución de la enfermedad cardiovascular”, destaca a SINC Rosa María Lamuela, investigadora de la UB y responsable del trabajo.
Otros de los compuestos bioactivos encontrados en el sofrito son los carotenoides y la vitamina C. Diversos estudios han demostrado que la ingesta de carotenoides, como el licopeno, previene el cáncer de próstata, y el consumo de alimentos ricos en beta-caroteno, ayudan a reducir la incidencia del cáncer de pulmón.
“Con un consumo diario de 120 gramos de sofrito –añadido a la pasta, por ejemplo– la ingesta de polifenoles totales es de 16 a 24 miligramos por porción y de 6 a 10 miligramos en el caso de los carotenoides”, señala Lamuela. El equipo analizó diez tipos de sofritos comerciales, “aunque los resultados son extensibles al sofrito casero, ya que, en general –y sin contar las sustancias espesantes– tienen los mismos ingredientes: tomates, cebollas, ajo y aceite”. La unión de estos alimentos suma los compuestos biosaludables que tienen cada uno por separado.
Respecto al aceite, los científicos recomiendan utilizar mejor el de oliva virgen que el de girasol. De hecho, ahora están buscando la proporción ideal de los cuatro ingredientes, y parece que la presencia de un 10% de aceite de oliva extra virgen ofrece muy buenos resultados en las propiedades del sofrito.
Los investigadores también han efectuado un análisis estadístico con los niveles de compuestos fenólicos y carotenoides encontrados en cada sofrito, lo que les ha permitido identificar marcadores que diferencian los componentes de cada marca.
Pirámide de la dieta mediterránea/Mediterranean diet pyramid |
The study, PREvention with a MEDiterranean Diet (PREDIMED) has recently shown the link between the Mediterranean diet and low levels of cardiovascular disease. The questionnaire used as a reference asked consumers how often they ate vegetables, pasta, rice and other dishes made with sofrito, but the beneficial compounds of this product had never been analysed.
Now researchers from the University of Barcelona (UB) and the Biomedical Research Centres Network – Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) of the Carlos III Health Institute, have for the first time identified polyphenols and carotenoids, healthy antioxidant substances, in sofrito, by using a high resolution mass spectrometry technique.
The results have been published in the ‘Food Chemistry’ magazine and they show the presence of at least 40 types of polyphenols. “These compounds produced by plants and which we eat are related to reduced cardiovascular diseases", Rosa María Lamuela, researcher at the UB and the person responsible for the project, told SINC.
Other bioactive compounds found in the sofrito are carotenoids and vitamin C. Various studies have shown that the intake of carotenoids such as lycopene prevents prostate cancer and the consumption of foods rich in beta-carotene help to reduce the incidence of lung cancer.
“Eating a daily amount of 120 grams of sofrito, added to pasta for example, the total intake of polyphenols is 16 to 24 milligrams per portion and 6 to 10 milligrams in the case of carotenoids”, explains Lamuela. The team analysed ten types of commercial sofritos, “although the results do apply to homemade sofrito, given that they generally include the same ingredients, without taking into account thickeners: tomatoes, onions, garlic and oil”. The combination of these foods equals the bio-health compounds of each one separately.
With regard to oil, scientists recommend using virgin olive oil instead of sunflower oil. In fact, they are now looking for the ideal proportion of the four ingredients and it would seem that the inclusion of 10% extra virgin olive oil gives very good results in the sofrito properties.
Researchers have also performed a statistical analysis with the levels of phenolic and carotenoid compounds present in each sofrito, which has enabled them to identify markers that differentiate the components of each brand.
Tomado de/Taken from SINC (Español/English)
Resumen de la publicación/Abstract of the paper
Bioactive compounds present in the Mediterranean sofrito
A. Vallverdú-Queralt, J.F. Rinaldi de Alvarenga, R. Estruch and R.M.Lamuela-Raventos
Food Chemistry 141 (4); 3365–3372, 2013
Abstract
Sofrito is a key component of the Mediterranean diet, a diet that is strongly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. In this study, different Mediterranean sofritos were analysed for their content of polyphenols and carotenoids after a suitable work-up extraction procedure using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS-MS). In this way, 40 polyphenols (simple phenolic and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids, and flavone, flavonol and dihydrochalcone derivatives) were identified with very good mass accuracy (<2 mDa), and confirmed by accurate mass measurements in MS and MS2 modes. The high-resolution MS analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols never previously reported in Mediterranean sofrito. The quantification levels of phenolic and carotenoid compounds led to the distinction of features among different Mediterranean sofritos according to the type of vegetables (garlic and onions) or olive oil added for their production.
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